Utility Rates, Grid, and Markets
Load-serving entity is responsible for serving retail load, either directly or through market obligations. Identifying the LSE helps clarify who owns customer relationship, resource-adequacy responsibility, tariff exposure, and large-load approvals.
Valve-regulated lead-acid battery is a sealed lead-acid battery type historically common in UPS systems. It is familiar and relatively low cost, but it has space, weight, replacement, temperature, and maintenance tradeoffs versus lithium-ion systems.
Read definition →Feasibility study is an early engineering screen of whether a proposed interconnection may cause system impacts and what broad costs could result. It is useful for early go/no-go decisions but is less definitive than system impact or facilities studies.
Read definition →A chiller removes heat from water or another fluid so it can be circulated through cooling coils or liquid-cooling loops. Chiller capacity, redundancy, efficiency, water use, and ambient conditions affect both PUE and site utility demand.
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