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Power Fundamentals

kWh

Kilowatt-hour is a measure of energy: one kW used for one hour. Utility energy charges are usually based on kWh, while many large-load feasibility questions turn on both kWh consumption and peak kW demand.

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Entitlement

Entitlement is the set of legal approvals needed to develop and use a site as intended. In data center development, entitlement risk can include zoning, site plan, environmental permits, utility approvals, road improvements, and political acceptance.

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Section 404 permit

Clean Water Act Section 404 regulates discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States, including wetlands, unless an exemption applies. Data center site work, roads, substations, or utility corridors can trigger review.

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Make-up water

Make-up water is water added to replace losses from evaporation, blowdown, drift, or leakage in cooling systems. It is a key input for WUE, utility-water planning, and local community impact.

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